Human genetics of infectious diseases
The aim of the laboratory of human genetics of infectious diseases is to determine the genetic basis of predisposition or resistance to infectious diseases in humans. Two general working hypotheses guide the experimental approach used. Firstly, the microbial infectious agent is necessary, but not sufficient, for the development of an infectious disease. Secondly, there is a difference in the degree, rather than the nature, of the immunological and genetic defences of subjects developing rare opportunistic infections and those developing common infectious diseases. These two hypotheses give rise to the following assumptions :
1.All humans have a hereditary immune deficiency if they are susceptible to at least one infectious agent.
2.There is a genetic continuum and genetic variability determines resistance in humans, mirroring the genetic continuum and variability determining virulence in micro-organisms.
The laboratory brings together two teams, collaborating in experimental studies as part of common projects. The epidemiological genetics team develops original mathematical and statistical models and applies them, in particular, to studies of the genetic determinism of common infectious diseases. This work involves population-based studies in endemic zones, particularly in developing countries. Mostly, it deals with complex genetics, involving the contribution of several genes. The molecular genetics team develops original immunological tools and applies them to the identification and characterisation of mutations responsible for susceptibility to rare infectious diseases. This work involves studies of sporadic or familial cases from many countries, but particularly from China. Mostly, it deals with Mendelian genetics and the morbid effects of a single gene. Thus, both teams deal with the human genetics of infectious diseases, but by complementary and synergic approaches.
